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ナノ部品の構造材組み立てに生物学の原理からの発想を利用
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=57639&nfid=rssfeedshttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=57639&nfid=rssfeeds
Bio-Inspired Assembly Of Nanoparticle Building Blocks
Article Date: 28 Nov 2006 - 5:00am (PST)
金と銀のナノパーティクル構造材組み立ての方法が開発された。これは生きた細胞を取り囲む脂質薄膜の自動組み立てself-assembly of lipid membranes方式に基づくものである。
この方法は全ての生物が薄膜を作る際に利用する生物化学的な現象である親水効果を利用するものである。
細胞薄膜はmicelleミセル（膠質粒子）すなわち強力な二重膜の例である。これは薄膜ベースの両親媒性物質 amphiphilesの２枚のシートから構成される。そのうち１枚は親水性、もう一枚は疎水性である。
ミセルが形成されるとき、このプロセスは全ての結合点の組み立てが進行する。すなわちamphiphileの親水性の部分と疎水性の部分が高密度のアレーに変わる。ナノパーティクルをamphiphileの結合点に取り付けてミセル化を何十億の何十億倍の個々のナノパーティクルを正しく定義された立体で、水溶性のスーパー構造に組み立てることができるという。
全てのミセルは球体、円柱、袋状の小胞のいずれかの形状を作り上げるという。
Chemists at Rice University have discovered how to assemble gold and silver nanoparticle building blocks into larger structures based on a novel method that harkens back to one of nature's oldest known chemical innovations - the self-assembly of lipid membranes that surround every living cell.
The research appears in the Nov. 29 issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS 2006, 128, 15098).
Researchers believe the new method will allow them to create a wide variety of useful materials, including extra-potent cancer drugs and more efficient catalysts for the chemical industry.
The method makes use of the hydrophobic effect, a biochemical phenomena that all living creatures use to create membranes, ultra-thin barriers of fatty acids that form a strong yet dynamic sack around the cell, sealing it from the outside world.
Cell membranes are one example of a micelle, a strong bilayer covering that is made of two sheets of lipid-based amphiphiles, molecules that have a water-loving, or hydrophilic, end, and a water-hating, or hydrophobic, end. Like two pieces of cellophane tape being brought together, the hydrophobic sides of the amphiphilic sheets stick to one another, forming the bilayered micelle.
"When the micelle forms, the process drives the packing of all the junction points, which connect the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic part of an amphiphile, into a high-density array," said Eugene Zubarev, the Norman Hackerman-Welch Young Investigator and assistant professor of chemistry. "By attaching a nanoparticle to the junction point of an amphiphile, we can, in effect, use micellization as a means to assemble billions and billions of individual nanoparticles into well-defined one-dimensional superstructures that are soluble in water."
Zubarev and colleagues synthesized V-shaped amphiphiles of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) and attached two-nanometer diameter gold particles at the focal point of the V. Upon adding water and inducing micelle formation, the team found it could create tightly packed cylinders of gold nanoparticles measuring just 18 nanometers in diameter.
All micelles form in three allowable shapes - spheres, cylinders and sack-like vesicles. By varying the length of the polystyrene arm, the solvents used and the size of the gold particles, Zubarev and colleagues were able to form spheres, vesicles and vary the diameter of their cylinders, some of which grew to well-over 1,000 nanometers in length.
Bio-Inspired Assembly Of Nanoparticle Building Blocks
Article Date: 28 Nov 2006 - 5:00am (PST)
金と銀のナノパーティクル構造材組み立ての方法が開発された。これは生きた細胞を取り囲む脂質薄膜の自動組み立てself-assembly of lipid membranes方式に基づくものである。
この方法は全ての生物が薄膜を作る際に利用する生物化学的な現象である親水効果を利用するものである。
細胞薄膜はmicelleミセル（膠質粒子）すなわち強力な二重膜の例である。これは薄膜ベースの両親媒性物質 amphiphilesの２枚のシートから構成される。そのうち１枚は親水性、もう一枚は疎水性である。
ミセルが形成されるとき、このプロセスは全ての結合点の組み立てが進行する。すなわちamphiphileの親水性の部分と疎水性の部分が高密度のアレーに変わる。ナノパーティクルをamphiphileの結合点に取り付けてミセル化を何十億の何十億倍の個々のナノパーティクルを正しく定義された立体で、水溶性のスーパー構造に組み立てることができるという。
全てのミセルは球体、円柱、袋状の小胞のいずれかの形状を作り上げるという。
Chemists at Rice University have discovered how to assemble gold and silver nanoparticle building blocks into larger structures based on a novel method that harkens back to one of nature's oldest known chemical innovations - the self-assembly of lipid membranes that surround every living cell.
The research appears in the Nov. 29 issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS 2006, 128, 15098).
Researchers believe the new method will allow them to create a wide variety of useful materials, including extra-potent cancer drugs and more efficient catalysts for the chemical industry.
The method makes use of the hydrophobic effect, a biochemical phenomena that all living creatures use to create membranes, ultra-thin barriers of fatty acids that form a strong yet dynamic sack around the cell, sealing it from the outside world.
Cell membranes are one example of a micelle, a strong bilayer covering that is made of two sheets of lipid-based amphiphiles, molecules that have a water-loving, or hydrophilic, end, and a water-hating, or hydrophobic, end. Like two pieces of cellophane tape being brought together, the hydrophobic sides of the amphiphilic sheets stick to one another, forming the bilayered micelle.
"When the micelle forms, the process drives the packing of all the junction points, which connect the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic part of an amphiphile, into a high-density array," said Eugene Zubarev, the Norman Hackerman-Welch Young Investigator and assistant professor of chemistry. "By attaching a nanoparticle to the junction point of an amphiphile, we can, in effect, use micellization as a means to assemble billions and billions of individual nanoparticles into well-defined one-dimensional superstructures that are soluble in water."
Zubarev and colleagues synthesized V-shaped amphiphiles of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) and attached two-nanometer diameter gold particles at the focal point of the V. Upon adding water and inducing micelle formation, the team found it could create tightly packed cylinders of gold nanoparticles measuring just 18 nanometers in diameter.
All micelles form in three allowable shapes - spheres, cylinders and sack-like vesicles. By varying the length of the polystyrene arm, the solvents used and the size of the gold particles, Zubarev and colleagues were able to form spheres, vesicles and vary the diameter of their cylinders, some of which grew to well-over 1,000 nanometers in length.
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Keyword tags:
amphiphiles
bio-inspire assembly
chylinders
micell
nanoparticle building blocks
sack-like vesicles
spheres
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